Showing posts with label Passover. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Passover. Show all posts

Each Moed on Its Proper Day



I believe that every follower of Yeshua (aka Jesus) should be keeping God's appointed times. Passover, Shavuot, Yom Teruah, Yom Kippur, etc. I believe that doing so honors God and teaches valuable lessons.

I also believe it's important that we try to do it the way God said to as much as possible, including the timing. Of course, very few people can go to Jerusalem, and there's no altar or priesthood, so there's a lot we can't do, but we can keep the spirit of the Feasts.

We have a pretty good idea of the correct timing, though. If you believe that Yeshua is the Messiah, then you must believe that he kept all the commandments correctly. We know that he kept the weekly Sabbath and the other appointed times on the same day that the Pharisees and Sadducees did. They were wrong about some things, but clearly not about everything. With a few minor exceptions, we know when the first century Jews kept the weekly Sabbath and all of the other appointed times and therefore when Yeshua kept them. They counted the months according the new moon and the weeks according to a continuous cycle of 7 days with no connection to the new moon, and so did Yeshua.

Whether you follow the sighting of the new moon or the calculated new moon, you can get the timing of the annual holy days right within a day or two, even if you've chosen the wrong method...whichever that is. Maybe you count the start of the year by the sighting of ripe barley or maybe you count it by the calculated agricultural cycles. Either method is reasonable, and I don't think we have sufficient information about first century practices.

However, if you're trying to keep the appointed times on a day that's radically different than most other people--counting the Sabbath by the new moon or calculating the months without reference to the new moon, for example--I have to wonder what makes you think you know better than Yeshua.

If you don't think keeping the feasts is important to God, this probably seems like a petty disagreement. I'll simply refer you back to the Scriptures, which plainly say that the timing of the feasts is important to him. If the King summoned you to court on Tuesday and you showed up on Wednesday because it was more convenient for you, don't you think he would care?

These are the appointed feasts of the LORD, which you shall proclaim as times of holy convocation, for presenting to the LORD food offerings, burnt offerings and grain offerings, sacrifices and drink offerings, each on its proper day...
Leviticus 23:37


Chiasm in the betrayal of Yeshua by Yehudah



  • V1 – Feast of Unleavened Bread drew near, called Passover
    • V2 – Priests and scribes wanted to kill Yeshua, but feared the people
      • V3 – Satan entered (filled?) Judas, one of the twelve
        • V4 – Judas met with the priests about betraying Yeshua
      • V5 – The priests filled with gladness, agreed to give him money
    • V6 – Judas wanted to betray Jesus, but feared the people
  • V7 – The day of unleavened bread arrived, when the Passover is to be killed

Chiasm on Matza and Houses in Exodus 12:18-22

Keep this out of the house. Keep yourself inside the house.
Cut that person off. Kill this lamb.
Don't eat that. Eat this.

During the week of Unleavened Bread, some things are forbidden in your house and some things are required.


Exodus 12:18-22

  • V18-19a – A time in which something is not to be found in your house
    • V19b – If anyone eats leavened bread, he is to be cut off from the people
      • V20a – Don’t eat anything leavened
        • V20b – In your houses
      • V20c – Eat unleavened bread
    • V21 – The elders of the people are to select lambs according to the families and kill them.
  • V22 – A time in which you are not to be found outside your house
Tangent: Many English translations of this passage make it appear that there is a switch from singular to plural in verse 21: select the "lambs" and then kill the "lamb". This is misleading because only the first instance, the plural, actually uses the Hebrew word for lamb, which is tson, a collective noun. The singular of "Passover lamb" only uses the Hebrew word for Passover, which is pesach. The word "lamb" in the latter instance has been inserted by many translators.

The First and the Last Plagues of Egypt

First PlagueTenth Plague
Death from belowDeath from above
Death from waterDeath from spirit
Testified of the murder of Hebrew sonsTook the lives of Egyptian sons

Easter...Eostre...Ishtar?

Easter (still called Passover by almost all non-English-speakers) is a paganized "strange fire" version of Passover and, in my opinion, nobody should be celebrating it as such.

However, this post is about the name, and not the date or the method.

I have yet to see any credible evidence that the word "Easter" has any connection to the word "Ishtar". If I recall correctly, a single, short statement by Bede, made long after the described festivals of Eostre had disappeared, is the sum total of evidence for that claim. And he didn't even claim that the Angles had renamed "Passover" to "Easter". He actually wrote that they had named a month after the goddess many centuries before and, since Passover was observed in that month, the name of the month had come to stand for the feast.

Maybe Eostre was the name of a pagan goddess and maybe it wasn't. The weekday names that we inherited from those people are definitely derived from pagan gods, so it seems likely that they followed the same pattern in naming the months. However, we aren't renaming our national holiday after Julius Caesar when we call it "July 4th" instead of "Independence Day," so the use of "Easter" as a label for "Passover" isn't in itself proof that the Angles renamed Passover in honor of a pagan deity or merged the feast of Eostre with the feast of Passover. It's much more likely that they took the entire adulterated Passover package directly from the Roman missionaries who had already hopelessly confused its observance with their own pagan religions.

I'd love to see an ancient manuscript, carving, or...something...dating from 500 that says "The Germanic peoples worship a deity they call Eostre, which is their version of the Greek Aphrodite and the Babylonian Ishtar and they now combine the feast of this goddess with that of Passover." But I don't think such a thing exists. A single statement hundreds of years removed from the event is worthless as evidence. Until such evidence is produced, all we have is speculation.

If you are judging someone based on their use of a pagan-derived month name while you continue to use pagan-derived day names, and if you are judging someone based on speculation without hard evidence...then you probably have bigger problems than they do.

And if your best reply to my skepticism is "Ditch the lies!!1! Stop worshiping Constantine!!!", then I'm just going to ignore you. If you have actual, primary source evidence, I welcome it. If you don't, then...are you claiming to be a prophet with divine knowledge of the past?

Update: Here's the original and only historical source for "Easter" coming from the name of a pagan goddess:
Eosturmonath has a name which is now translated "Paschal month", and which was once called after a goddess of theirs named Eostre, in whose honour feasts were celebrated in that month. Now they designate that Paschal season by her name, calling the joys of the new rithe by the time-honoured name of the old observance.
Bede, The Reckoning of Time, "Chapter 15, The English Months"

Easter in a Few Other Languages

Pazko
Paske
Pasques
Paskha
Pascoa
Pasti
Pasg
Paskah
Pashke
Pasen
Pasqua

The exact languages aren't the point. The point is that only Germanic peoples and their converts use the name "Easter".

The rest of the world is fully aware that Easter is a counterfeit Passover. They didn't even bother changing the name.

L'shana Tova! (or not...)

Messianics need to quit obsessing over obscure conspiracy theories. No mortal on earth knows the real origin of 99% of all of the extra-biblical traditions surrounding Biblical holidays (like Rosh Hashanah/Yom Teruah, Yom Kippur, and Sukkot). Maybe this or that ancient prayer was influenced by some old rabbi getting too cozy with a shaman or maybe not. Maybe the date got shifted a bit so the Jews could blend in with the Romans or Babylonians a little better. But really, there's no way that you or anyone else will ever know.

So stop getting so crazy about it. Say "Shana tova!" or don't say it. Build a sukka of reeds and fronds or put up a tent or don't do either, whichever you and your community believes honors the commandment.

You're not a cohen serving in the Tabernacle, so keeping the commandment is far more important than keeping it perfectly. Unity in the Kingdom is far more important than baseless witch hunts for anything that might somehow, somewhen have been remotely connected to someone's pagan uncle's nickname.

Relax. Do the best you can and let God worry about details that are hopelessly outside of your scope of knowledge and power. Enjoy God's appointed times. Be at peace.

L'shana Tova!

Scriptures Related to Passover

Old and New Testament Scriptures that relate to Passover

Scripture passages that appear to be directly or at least very closely related to Passover.
  • Gen 4:3-16
    • Abel brought firstfruits of his flock, while Cain brought firstfruits of his crops.
    • Passover? Maybe.
  • Gen 18:1-8
    • Three angels appear at Abraham’s tent.
    • He washed their feet and brought them unleavened bread.
    • Prepared a calf and stood while they sat and ate.
  • Gen 19:1-3
    • Two angels arrive in Sodom where Lot was sitting in the gate.
    • He invited them to his home.
    • He made a feast with unleavened bread.
  • Gen 22:8-19
    • V2 – Son as an offering, but a burnt offering, which Passover only partly fits.
    • V3 – Took an ass.
    • V4 – Three days journey from the place of God’s calling to the altar. (Four days total.)
    • V5 – Disciples left behind while the Son goes on with the Father.
    • V6 – The Father lays the wood on the Son.
    • V7 – Son prays to the Father just before his execution.
    • V8 – God will provide a lamb for a burnt offering for His own benefit/purposes.
    • V9 – Son is bound and placed on the wood with no word of objection.
    • V13 – The Son saved from death.
    • V17 – The gates of Hell will not prevail against him.
    • V18 – All the nations of the earth blessed through the seed of Abraham.
    • V19 – Abraham returns to the disciples and they all return to the Well of Seven Oaths (People of the Completed Covenant) together.
  • Exodus 12 - First Passover
    • V2-5 – 10 Aviv – Selecting the lamb
      • Every man participate in the taking of one lamb per household.
      • If the household is too small, then share with your neighbor
      • Calculate how many people you need per lamb
      • Without blemish
      • Male, 1 year old
      • Sheep or goats
    • V6 – 14 Aviv – Whole congregation assembles and kill their lambs “between the evenings”
      • Adam Clarke says “between the evenings” means between noon and sunset. He quotes Maimonides to say that killing the lamb before noon is forbidden.
      • John Gill also says this means between noon and sunset. However, he says the Targum of Jonathan says it means between sunset on 13 Aviv and sunset on 14 Aviv.
      • Put the blood on the two door posts and lintel
      • Eat it that night roasted with fire and eaten with matzo and bitter herbs.
      • Must not be raw or boiled, but roasted.
      • Eaten with innards. All must be eaten or burned up before morning.
      • Eat it with loins girded, staff in hand, and in haste.
      • Kill the firstborn of man and beast
      • Execute judgment on the gods of Egypt
      • Blood identifies Israel
      • Day is a memorial to be kept forever
    • V15 – 20 – Feast of unleavened bread
      • 7 days eat unleavened bread
      • 1st day is a convocation and a day of rest.
      • No work except what each person needs to eat.
      • Sunset Aviv 14 through sunset Aviv 20th.
      • 7 days eat unleavened bread. Same for grafted in or native born.
    • V21 – Moses instructions re first Passover
      • Select lambs according to families and kill it
      • Hyssop dipped in blood in the basin
      • Strike the lintel and the two side posts.
      • Stay inside until morning.
      • Ordinance forever.
      • Keep it when you come into the land.
      • When your children ask why, say
        • Sacrifice of the Lord’s Passover
        • He passed over the houses of Israel
        • Smote the Egyptians
        • Delivered our houses
    • V39 – Unleavened bread because they didn’t have time for anything else.
    • V43 – 50 – Who may eat the Passover
      • No foreigners, uncircumcised sojourners or hired servants
      • Servants bought with money and circumcised
      • Eaten in one house, not divided up.
      • No broken bones
      • All the congregation of Israel will keep it
      • Circumcised sojourners
      • One law for native and sojourner
  • Exodus 13
    • Consecrate the firstborn
    • Remember that God brought us out of Egypt and Slavery with a strong hand.
    • Passover is a full sensory experience: Taste, See, Touch, Speak, Hear
    • Keep it every year
    • Teach it to your children
      • Four questions
    • Understand why you keep it
  • Exo 23:14-15 – In the context of abstaining from idolatry
    • One of 3 feasts of ascent
    • Feast of unleavened bread.
    • 7 days
    • Unleavened bread
    • Month of Aviv
    • None appear before me empty
  • Exo 29 - ?
  • Exo 34:18-20, 25-26 – In the context of abstaining from idolatry.
    • Feast of unleavened bread for 7 days
    • Month of Aviv
    • Firstborn males of all animals belongs to God.
    • Redeem the firstborn sons
    • None appear before me empty
  • Lev 23:1-14
    • V5 – Aviv 14 – The Lord’s Passover between the evenings
    • V6-7 – Aviv 15 – Feast of unleavened bread for 7 days
      • Holy convocation on first day
      • No servile work
    • V8 – Remainder of the feast
      • Fire offerings daily
      • 7th day is a holy convocation w/ no servile work
    • V9-14 – Firstfruits
      • Bring Firstfruits of grain harvest to the priest
      • Priest waves the offering on the day after the Sabbath
      • Eat no grain of the harvest until Firstfruits
  • Num 9:1-14 – First Passover after Exodus
    • V2 – Don’t wait until in the Promised Land, but keep it right now.
    • V3 – Between evenings, with all statutes and rules
    • V6-13 – Unclean or travelling person cannot keep the Passover
      • Keep it in the 2nd month on the 14th.
      • With unleavened bread and bitter herbs.
      • Same rules otherwise.
    • Sojourners to keep the Passover by same rules. One law for sojourner and native.
  • Num 28:16-31 – Offerings for Passover
    • V16-15 – Aviv 14 is the Passover. Feast on the 15th. For 7 days eat unleavened bread.
    • V18-23 – First day is a convocation. Do no ordinary work.
      • Burnt offering of 2 bulls, 1 ram, 7 yearling lambs without blemish.
      • Grain offering mixed with oil for each animal.
      • 1 male goat for a sin offering as an atonement.
      • In addition to the regular daily offerings.
    • V24 – Make the same offerings daily during unleavened bread.
    • V25 – Seventh day is a convocation with no ordinary work.
  • Numbers 33:3-5 –
    • Aviv 15 – left Egypt.
  • Deuteronomy 16:1-8,16-17 – How and where to keep Passover
    • V1 – Keep the new moon of Aviv and keep Passover in the month of Aviv
    • V2 – Offer Passover in the place where YHWH chooses to put His name.
    • V3-4 – No chametz with it.
      • 7 days of matso, the bread of affliction
      • Remember that you came out of Egypt.
      • No leaven for 7 days in all your territory
      • Don’t leave the Passover until morning.
    • V5-7 – Only in the place YHWH chooses
      • May not offer the Passover in any of your towns.
      • Only at the place YHWH chooses to make His name dwell.
      • Offer it at sunset.
      • Cook it and eat it in the place YHWH chooses.
      • In the morning, go back to your homes.
    • V8 – 6 days eat matso. The 7th is a holy convocation with no work.
  • Joshua 5:2-12 – First Passover in the Land
    • V2-9 – Circumcised all those born in the wilderness
    • V10 – Kept Passover on the 14th of Aviv
    • V11 – The day after Passover they ate the stored grain of the Canaanites. Unleavened bread and parched grain.
    • V12 – Manna ceased the next day, but they ate the harvest of the Canaanites that year.
  • Judges 6:11-26 – Gideon offers a goat and matso to an angel
    • Not Passover because Gideon was threshing wheat which would not be ripe for another two months.
  • 2 Samuel 12:1-15 – Who stole the Lamb from those to whom He belongs?
  • 2 Kings 23 – Josiah’s revival
    • Preceded by destruction of pagan altars.
    • Keep Passover as it is written in the Book of the Covenant
    • No Passover like this had been kept since before King Saul
    • Passover kept to YHWH in Jerusalem in Josiah’s 18th year.
    • It was kept, but not universally and not according to God’s commands.
  • 2 Chronicles 8 – Passover of Solomon
    • Daily burnt offerings during Unleavened Bread
    • He seemed to perform the bare minimum, where Josiah made a true celebration
  • 2Chr 30-31 – Hezekiah’s Passover
    • Invited all the tribes to keep Passover in the 2nd month.
    • Insufficient priests were consecrated for the 1st month.
    • Had not been keeping Passover regularly.
    • Mocked by most in Ephraim and Menasseh.
    • A few in Asher, Manasseh, and Zebulun humbled themselves and came to Jerusalem.
    • Most of Judah obeyed.
    • Many people still were not clean, but the Levites sacrificed their lambs anyway and Hezekiah prayed that God would forgive them because their sin wasn’t deliberate.
    • God recognized it and honored his prayer: inward circumcision.
    • Kept the feast for an extra 7 days.
    • 1000 bulls, 7000 sheep from King Hezekiah and 1000 bulls, 10000 sheep from the princes given to the people as peace offerings.
    • Nothing like it in Jerusalem since King David’s time.
    • Followed by destruction of pagan altars.
    • Restoration of divisions of priests and levites and service of the Temple.
    • General revival
  • 2Chr 35 – Josiah’s Passover
    • Passover in Jerusalem.
    • Passover killed on Aviv 14.
    • Appointed and encouraged priests at the Temple.
    • Restore the Ark to the Temple.
    • Kill the Passover first, then prepare to kill the Passovers for all the people
    • King gave the people 30k lambs and goats plus 3k bulls.
    • King’s officials gave additional 2.6k lambs plus 300 bulls.
    • Princes gave another 5k lambs plus 500 bulls.
    • Distributed animals to clan groups.
    • Roasted Passover lambs and boiled the other offerings.
    • Singing by Sons of Asaph
    • No Passover like it since Samuel.
  • Psalm 34 – Oblique references to Passover
    • V4 – YHWH delivered me from all my fears.
    • V8 – Taste and see that YHWH is good!
    • V14 – Repent from evil.
    • V19 – YHWH delivers the righteous from his afflictions.
    • V20 – None of his bones are broken.
    • V21 – Affliction slays the wicked.
    • V22 – YHWH redeems His servants.
  • Ezra 6 – First Passover after returning from exile
    • V16-17 – Dedication & cleansing
    • V18 – Priests arranged in divisions according to Book of Moses.
    • V19 – Passover kept on 14 Aviv.
    • V21 – Exiled Israelites kept Passover along with any locals who repented from idolatry and worshipped YHWH.
    • V22 – Kept Unleavened Bread for 7 days.
  • Ezekiel 45 – Passover in the Millenium
    • V18-19 – Purify the sanctuary on Aviv 1
      • Put some of the blood on the doorposts of the Temple, four corners of the altar, posts of the inner gate.
    • V20 – Repeat this on the 7th day of the month to atone for anyone who has sinned through error or ignorance.
    • V21-22 – Passover
      • 14 Aviv
      • Feast of Passover
      • 7 days of unleavened bread
      • Prince provide for himself & the people a young bull for a sin offering
    • V23-24 – Unleavened bread
      • Prince will provide 7 young bulls and 7 rams on each of the 7 days for a burnt offering. 1 goat daily for a sin offering.
      • Grain and oil with each bull and ram.
  • Isaiah 16:1-5 – A reference to the Messiah as a lamb?
  • Isaiah 53 – The suffering Messiah
    • V4 – Afflicted by God, like the wicked. Yet, not wicked, for he was afflicted for our transgressions and not his own.
    • V5 – By his stripes we are healed
    • V6 – We are the guilty sheep, but God placed our sins on him.
    • V7 – A lamb led to the slaughter.
  • Zechariah 9:9-12
    • V9 – The king riding on a donkey colt.
    • V10 – Ephraim & Jerusalem rescued from the chariots and horses of their enemies.
    • V11-12 – Prisoners redeemed by covenant blood.
  • Matthew 16:5-12 – The leaven of the Pharisees.
  • Matthew 20-28 – Yeshua's Last Passover
    • Aviv 10
      • 20:17-28 – Prophesies that he must be brought low in order to be lifted up.
      • 21:1-11 – Triumphal entry
      • 21:12-13 – Cleansed the Temple (Aviv 11 in Mark 11)
      • 21:14-16 – Healed the sick and confronted by the priests.
      • 21:18-19 – Withered the fig tree. It was out of season.
    • Aviv 11
      • 21:20-25:46 – Examined at the Temple by priests, Pharisees, people, and disciples.
    • Aviv 12?
      • 26:2 – After two days the Passover is coming.
    • Aviv 13
      • 26:17 – “first day of matzah” but it wasn’t.
      • Go prepare the Passover
    • Aviv 14
      • Yeshua reclined with the disciples
      • 26:23 – The one who dips his bread in the dish with me will betray me.
      • 26:26 – Matzah: this is my body. “As they were eating.” Probably not at the end of the seder as today, but the middle piece regardless.
      • Christians added the Afikomen as a sign of the second coming.
      • 26:27-29 – This is my blood of the covenant for forgiveness of sins.
        • I won’t drink again of this fruit of the vine until in my Father’s kingdom.
        • Key on “this”. Either he meant all wine or he meant this particular cup.
      • 26:47… Betrayed by Judas
      • 27:46 – 9th hour, he died.
      • 27:57 – Joseph buried the body
    • Aviv 15
      • 27:62 – Priests requested a guard on the tomb.
    • Aviv 16 or 17
      • At sunrise on the first day of the week, the women went to the tomb and found Yeshua already risen.
  • Mark 8:14-21 – The leaven of the Pharisees.
  • Mark 11:1-16:19 – The Feast of Unleavened Bread and Yeshua's Last Passover
  • Luke 2:41 – Joseph & Mary went to Jerusalem for Passover every year.
  • Luke 12:1-3 – The leaven of the Pharisees.
  • Luke 22 – The Feast of Unleavened Bread.
  • Luke 24:27
  • John 1:29, 36 – John calls Yeshua “The Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world”.
    • The people are frequently referred to as sheep, but only Yeshua is referred to as a lamb, and only in the context of Passover.
  • John 2:13-3:21 – Yeshua at Passover
    • V13 – Yeshua went to Jerusalem for Passover
    • V14-17 – Drove the money-changers out.
    • V18-22 – Parable of the Temple rebuilt in 3 days.
    • V23-25 – Performed miracles
    • 3:1-21 - Nicodemus
  • John 5 – Yeshua at Passover?
    • V1 – A feast of the Jews at which Yeshua went to Jerusalem. Doesn’t specify Passover, but most commentators say it was.
    • V2-16 – Healing at the pool of Bethesda on Shabbat.
    • V17-47 – Confrontation with Pharisees re healing on Shabbat.
  • John 6:1-71 – Yeshua in Galilee before Passover
    • V9 – Barley loaves
    • V26-69 – Yeshua as the bread of life, manna sent from heaven to give life eternal.
  • John 11:55-21:25
    • 11:55 – Jews traveled to Jerusalem
    • 12:1 – Six days before Passover
    • 18 – Jesus' trial and non-Torah customs of Passover.
    • 19:4 – The day of Preparation of the Passover.
  • Acts 12:1-23 – Peter arrested during Unleavened Bread. Easy for him to do since Peter would have been in Jerusalem.
    • In prison
    • Rescued by an angel
    • “Get up quickly”
    • Chains fell of his hands
    • “Dress and put on your sandals”
    • Follows the angel
    • Iron city gate opens on its own
    • Angel leaves him when he’s free
    • “Lord has sent his angel and rescued me from the hand of Herod and from all that the Jewish people were expecting.”
    • Herod ordered the sentries killed
    • People praised Herod as a god.
    • Immediately, an angel killed him.
  • Acts 20:6-16 – Paul was in Greece during Unleavened Bread, but wanted to get back to Jerusalem for Shavuot.
  • 1 Corinthians 5:6-13 – Leaven compared to sin
    • A little leaven leavens the whole lump
    • Cleanse out the old leaven and be a new, unleavened lump
    • Christ, the Passover has been sacrificed
    • Celebrate the feast with unleavened bread of sincerity and truth
    • Evil people are like a leavened lump mixed into the unleavened.
  • Galatians 5:2-12 – The leaven of the Pharisees.
  • Hebrews 11:24-29 – The first Passover.
  • 1 Peter 1:18-19
    • Redeemed with blood.
    • An unblemished and spotless lamb.
  • Revelation – The Lamb in Heaven, a blending of imagery from all of the Feasts.
    • 5:6 – Between the throne and the four angels.
      • Appearing to have been slain
      • 7 horns, 7 eyes, which are the 7 spirits of God
    • 5:8 – Opens the scroll
    • 5:12-13 – Lamb who was slain to receive power, wealth, wisdom, might, honor, glory, & blessing
      • 7 spirits of God?
    • 6:1 – Opens the 1st seal
    • 6:16 – Wrath of the Lamb
    • 7:9-10 – Lamb enthroned and adored
    • 7:14-17 – Lamb as savior
      • Saints washed their robes in the blood of the Lamb
      • Shepherd
    • 8:1 – Lamb opens 7th seal
    • 12:11 – Satan defeated by the blood of the Lamb and the testimony of the saints.
    • 13:8 – Lamb has a book of life listing his people
    • 13:11 – An imitation of the Lamb, an antichrist with two horns who speaks like a dragon.
    • 14:4 – 144k follow the Lamb, redeemed from mankind as firstfruits for God and the Lamb
    • 14:10 – Followers of the beast are tormented before the Lamb
    • 15:3 – Saints sing the song of Moses and the song of the Lamb.
    • 17:14 – 10 kings make war on the Lamb and are defeated.
    • 19:7-9 – Marriage of the Lamb has come.
    • 21:22-23 – City of the Lamb
    • 21:27 – Lamb’s book of life
    • 22:1-3 – Throne of God and of the Lamb in the city.
      • V2 – Tree of life in its midst with 12 kinds of fruit.

The Timing of the Triumphal Entry, Last Supper, Crucifixion, and Resurrection

I set out to answer one simple question: Does the Feast of Firstfruits fall on the day after the weekly Sabbath of Unleavened Bread or on the day following the first High Sabbath of Unleavened Bread. I thought the question could be easily answered by verifying the translation of the two Torah passages that define this feast, but I quickly discovered that the question isn't so simple. The original Hebrew is ambiguous, and prominent rabbis debated the question thousands of years ago. Convinced that the Spring Feasts are prophetic of the events surrounding Yeshua's Crucifixion and Resurrection, I hoped the Gospels would have the answer. Unfortunately, they are also ambiguous.

There are three major events of the Passion Week that need to be placed on the monthly and weekly calendars before a definitive answer can be had.

  1. The Triumphal Entry
  2. The Crucifixion
  3. The Resurrection

The traditional Roman Catholic chronology puts the Triumphal Entry on Sunday, the Crucifixion on Friday, and the Resurrection on the second Sunday. Most Protestants follow the Catholic tradition, however there is a minority opinion that the Crucifixion had to occur on Thursday in order to align with three other factors:

  1. Yeshua promised to rise after three days and three nights.
  2. The timing of the Feast of Firstfruits.
  3. The timing of the presentation of the Passover Lamb.

Triumphal Entry

Many non-Catholic Christians and Messianics say Yeshua's entry into Jerusalem had to happen on 10 Nisan to fulfill the command in Exodus 12:3-6 that the Passover lamb must be presented for inspection on that date. However, the rabbis teach that this command only applied to the first Passover in Egypt and was not to be followed afterwards. It seems to me out of character for God to tie a sacred ritual to a single date in history for two reasons. First, all of the other Moedim are prophetic and are repeated annually. Second, although it might only be my own desire to fit data into patterns, God seems to be a God of patterns. What has happened before, will happen again. What happened to the fathers, will happen to the sons. For this reason, I side with the Christian tradition of placing Yeshua's Triumphal Entry on 10 Nisan. At least in my own mind, that settles the day on the monthly calendar, but what about the day of the week? The Torah only says 10 Nisan, so it will be on a different day each year. With a few minor exceptions Christians place this day on Sunday in the year of Yeshua's Crucifixion without regard to the date, but I found nothing in the Gospels to indicate the day of the week, so this is based purely on tradition and not Scripture.

Matthew and John tend to be more precise in their chronology than Mark and Luke, or at least they are more precise in their wording. John states that "Six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany" (John 12:1). All of the Gospels and the Acts use the term "Passover" to refer not to the Passover of Torah (14 Nisan), but to the first day of Unleavened Bread (Nisan 15). According to a strict Greek calculation then, six days before the Passover would be 9 Nisan. If the fuzzy-count theory of Jewish days is used (see Resurrection section below), then this could be 10 Nisan, but certainly no earlier than 9 Nisan.

Law & Grace in Circumcision & Passover

You have no doubt heard all your life about how Grace and Law are polar opposites, how you cannot be saved by Grace if you are committed to obeying the Law. This is directly contrary to the overall witness of Scripture. I will show you Grace and Law are not only not incompatible, but are absolutely necessary to each other.

Let's start in Ezekiel 16:6:
And when I passed by you and saw you squirming in your blood, I said to you in your blood, Live! Yes, I said to you in your blood, Live!
Albert Barnes wrote,
In thy blood - may be connected either with “I said” or with “Live.” In the latter case, the state of blood and defilement is made the very cause of life...
So that the last phrase in the verse could be rendered, "Yes, I said to you, 'Live through your blood.'" In other words, the blood brings life. But why does God say it twice?

In "Circumcision: The Individual's Covenant with God" Rabbi Yohanasan Gefen wrote that each iteration of this statement refers to a different shedding of blood. The first statement refers to the circumcision of Abraham, while the second refers to the Passover Lamb.

Circumcision represents our decision to commit ourselves to God, while the Passover Lamb represents God's decision to commit himself to us. Faith gets you inside the house as the angel of death passes over, but you can't eat the Passover Lamb unless you are circumcised. Without both commitments, we are lost and we have to accept both of them, hence we are commanded to eat of the Lamb by both Moses and Yeshua.



Circumcision was a physical manifestation of Abraham's faith in God's promises. He circumcised his flesh  and the flesh of all of the males in his house, including Ishmael, as an outward sign of his complete trust in God's faithfulness.  However, circumcision in itself was not the means of Abraham's salvation. It didn't replace his faith, and the act of cutting himself did not cause God to keep his promise of an heir and a great inheritance.

Consider Ishmael. He was circumcised also, but he did not inherit the covenant. Many years before the circumcision, God promised Abraham a son. When he began to doubt, he tried to force God's promise through his own power. Ishmael was conceived through his father's mistrust of God and a reliance on works to earn God's favors. Obedience alone will never be enough to warrant inclusion in the covenant with Abraham; one must also have faith.

But faith in what? In the Messiah Yeshua, our Passover Lamb whose blood covers us and takes away our sins. This is the ultimate inheritance of the children of Abraham, and the ultimate reason we must keep God's Law.

We do not (cannot!) obey to earn God's favor or to bribe or force him to keep his promises. God is faithful whether we are or not. No, we obey because we believe. If we believe in God's faithfulness to provide an atonement for us and to forgive us our sins, then we will obey him. Obedience follows true faith, and there are only two reasons why a a person would not keep God's Law:
  1. Ignorance of his requirements, such as is the case with those many Christians who have been deceived their entire lives to believe that God didn't mean what he said.
  2. Lack of faith. As James said, "Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith by my works." There is no such thing as faith without works. A lack of works always indicates a lack of faith.
 As I have said over and over, this does not mean that anyone is saved by their works. Abraham did not circumcise himself before his faith, but because of it. We do not keep God's Law to earn salvation, but because we are saved. Likewise, a person can be perfectly obedient to every point of the Law and still be eternally lost because they put their hope for salvation in obedience instead of in God's faithfulness.

I can't tell you how many sermons I heard growing up in the Assemblies of God about how the Law was replaced by Grace. Even at the time it all seemed a little hypocritical. If the Law was done away (or "fulfilled" away) why did Jesus, Paul, Peter, James, and others spend so much time talking about it? Why do we put the Ten Commandments up on the Sunday School walls?

The Bible was very little help. James clearly wrote that the Law was still in effect, and Peter wrote that you had to have a good foundation in the scriptures (the Law and the Prophets) in order to understand Paul's letters. But why should an understanding of the Law be important to understand someone who used so much ink telling us to forget the Law?


"Don't take James so literally," I was told. "He's talking about a new spiritual law that has replaced the old written law."

OK, but what about Peter? He couldn't have been writing about spiritual scriptures. Scriptures means "writings". If they only exist on a spiritual plane, how can they be written? And how could one study writings that aren't written?

As I have demonstrated through numerous arguments elsewhere, that was all so much hot air and wishful thinking. The fact is that the Bible is only no help if you have assumed a priori that the Law is irrelevant to the Christian.

Grace and Law were never in opposition, but were always complementary. You cannot be saved by Grace unless you are first convicted by the Law, and you cannot be saved by God's Grace unless you are also committed to obeying God's Law. How can a person claim to believe in someone else if they refuse to believe what the other person has said?

Law and Grace are not opposed to one another, but are merely two sides of the same coin. If you are not committed to obeying God's commandments, then you cannot be heir to his promises. And if you are not under God's Grace, then all the obedience in the world will earn you nothing but damnation.

Yeshua in the Passover

(Sorry this one is so sloppy. I was tired and stressed. Excuses, excuses.)

Passover commemorates the day that God spared the Israelites from the plague against the firstborn. The blood of the lamb painted on the wooden door posts prophesied of the blood of Yeshua (the Lamb of God) on the wooden cross and how he is the only door through which anyone can survive the curse of death. The only thing required for that salvation is faith in God's promise of mercy for those who belong to him. Painting the blood on the door was an outward sign of that faith.

Passover is also a family celebration. It is supposed to be celebrated with your family. If the family is too small to eat a whole lamb, then you invite the neighbors over too. Together, the family is supposed to eat the entire lamb. Nothing is supposed to be left over. That sounds kind of gross, but it really is what God expects of us in the rest of our life, too. We don't get to pick and choose what parts of Yeshua to keep and which parts to reject. It's all or nothing, the conqueror and absolute ruler along with the servant and messiah.

The day after Passover is the first day of Unleavened Bread, which lasts for seven days. The Israelites had to leave Egypt with their bread dough unleavened and uncooked. All yeast is supposed to be out of the house by the end of Passover day. Sometimes yeast is used in scripture to symbolize sin, and seven represents perfection. Yeshua's sacrifice erases sin from the record of our lives, and that's how we start out our new life in God's eyes. It's a continual fight to keep sin out, though. There really is no way to eliminate all yeast from your home. It's in the air, and there were no hepafilters in ancient Egypt. There is no way to eliminate all sin from your life, either. Don't focus on being sinless. Focus on eliminating the sin as you find it, and as you are able.

The first day after the first regular Sabbath after Passover is called First Fruits. It's a day to dedicate the first of your early crops to God. The firstborn of every animal and every family also belongs to God. Paul called Yeshua the firstborn or the first fruits of the resurrection. First Fruits is always on the first day of the week, the same day that Yeshua rose from the dead.

All of the biblical feasts are prophecies of the Messiah in one way or another. Passover is the first feast of the year and the inauguration of the Kingdom of God.