Scripture passages that appear to be directly or at least very closely related to Passover.
- Gen 4:3-16
- Abel brought firstfruits of his flock, while Cain brought firstfruits of his crops.
- Passover? Maybe.
- Gen 18:1-8
- Three angels appear at Abraham’s tent.
- He washed their feet and brought them unleavened bread.
- Prepared a calf and stood while they sat and ate.
- Gen 19:1-3
- Two angels arrive in Sodom where Lot was sitting in the gate.
- He invited them to his home.
- He made a feast with unleavened bread.
- Gen 22:8-19
- V2 – Son as an offering, but a burnt offering, which Passover only partly fits.
- V3 – Took an ass.
- V4 – Three days journey from the place of God’s calling to the altar. (Four days total.)
- V5 – Disciples left behind while the Son goes on with the Father.
- V6 – The Father lays the wood on the Son.
- V7 – Son prays to the Father just before his execution.
- V8 – God will provide a lamb for a burnt offering for His own benefit/purposes.
- V9 – Son is bound and placed on the wood with no word of objection.
- V13 – The Son saved from death.
- V17 – The gates of Hell will not prevail against him.
- V18 – All the nations of the earth blessed through the seed of Abraham.
- V19 – Abraham returns to the disciples and they all return to the Well of Seven Oaths (People of the Completed Covenant) together.
- Exodus 12 - First Passover
- V2-5 – 10 Aviv – Selecting the lamb
- Every man participate in the taking of one lamb per household.
- If the household is too small, then share with your neighbor
- Calculate how many people you need per lamb
- Without blemish
- Male, 1 year old
- Sheep or goats
- V6 – 14 Aviv – Whole congregation assembles and kill their lambs “between the evenings”
- Adam Clarke says “between the evenings” means between noon and sunset. He quotes Maimonides to say that killing the lamb before noon is forbidden.
- John Gill also says this means between noon and sunset. However, he says the Targum of Jonathan says it means between sunset on 13 Aviv and sunset on 14 Aviv.
- Put the blood on the two door posts and lintel
- Eat it that night roasted with fire and eaten with matzo and bitter herbs.
- Must not be raw or boiled, but roasted.
- Eaten with innards. All must be eaten or burned up before morning.
- Eat it with loins girded, staff in hand, and in haste.
- Kill the firstborn of man and beast
- Execute judgment on the gods of Egypt
- Blood identifies Israel
- Day is a memorial to be kept forever
- V15 – 20 – Feast of unleavened bread
- 7 days eat unleavened bread
- 1st day is a convocation and a day of rest.
- No work except what each person needs to eat.
- Sunset Aviv 14 through sunset Aviv 20th.
- 7 days eat unleavened bread. Same for grafted in or native born.
- V21 – Moses instructions re first Passover
- Select lambs according to families and kill it
- Hyssop dipped in blood in the basin
- Strike the lintel and the two side posts.
- Stay inside until morning.
- Ordinance forever.
- Keep it when you come into the land.
- When your children ask why, say
- Sacrifice of the Lord’s Passover
- He passed over the houses of Israel
- Smote the Egyptians
- Delivered our houses
- V39 – Unleavened bread because they didn’t have time for anything else.
- V43 – 50 – Who may eat the Passover
- No foreigners, uncircumcised sojourners or hired servants
- Servants bought with money and circumcised
- Eaten in one house, not divided up.
- No broken bones
- All the congregation of Israel will keep it
- Circumcised sojourners
- One law for native and sojourner
- Exodus 13
- Consecrate the firstborn
- Remember that God brought us out of Egypt and Slavery with a strong hand.
- Passover is a full sensory experience: Taste, See, Touch, Speak, Hear
- Keep it every year
- Teach it to your children
- Four questions
- Understand why you keep it
- Exo 23:14-15 – In the context of abstaining from idolatry
- One of 3 feasts of ascent
- Feast of unleavened bread.
- 7 days
- Unleavened bread
- Month of Aviv
- None appear before me empty
- Exo 29 - ?
- Exo 34:18-20, 25-26 – In the context of abstaining from idolatry.
- Feast of unleavened bread for 7 days
- Month of Aviv
- Firstborn males of all animals belongs to God.
- Redeem the firstborn sons
- None appear before me empty
- Lev 23:1-14
- V5 – Aviv 14 – The Lord’s Passover between the evenings
- V6-7 – Aviv 15 – Feast of unleavened bread for 7 days
- Holy convocation on first day
- No servile work
- V8 – Remainder of the feast
- Fire offerings daily
- 7th day is a holy convocation w/ no servile work
- V9-14 – Firstfruits
- Bring Firstfruits of grain harvest to the priest
- Priest waves the offering on the day after the Sabbath
- Eat no grain of the harvest until Firstfruits
- Num 9:1-14 – First Passover after Exodus
- V2 – Don’t wait until in the Promised Land, but keep it right now.
- V3 – Between evenings, with all statutes and rules
- V6-13 – Unclean or travelling person cannot keep the Passover
- Keep it in the 2nd month on the 14th.
- With unleavened bread and bitter herbs.
- Same rules otherwise.
- Sojourners to keep the Passover by same rules. One law for sojourner and native.
- Num 28:16-31 – Offerings for Passover
- V16-15 – Aviv 14 is the Passover. Feast on the 15th. For 7 days eat unleavened bread.
- V18-23 – First day is a convocation. Do no ordinary work.
- Burnt offering of 2 bulls, 1 ram, 7 yearling lambs without blemish.
- Grain offering mixed with oil for each animal.
- 1 male goat for a sin offering as an atonement.
- In addition to the regular daily offerings.
- V24 – Make the same offerings daily during unleavened bread.
- V25 – Seventh day is a convocation with no ordinary work.
- Numbers 33:3-5 –
- Aviv 15 – left Egypt.
- Deuteronomy 16:1-8,16-17 – How and where to keep Passover
- V1 – Keep the new moon of Aviv and keep Passover in the month of Aviv
- V2 – Offer Passover in the place where YHWH chooses to put His name.
- V3-4 – No chametz with it.
- 7 days of matso, the bread of affliction
- Remember that you came out of Egypt.
- No leaven for 7 days in all your territory
- Don’t leave the Passover until morning.
- V5-7 – Only in the place YHWH chooses
- May not offer the Passover in any of your towns.
- Only at the place YHWH chooses to make His name dwell.
- Offer it at sunset.
- Cook it and eat it in the place YHWH chooses.
- In the morning, go back to your homes.
- V8 – 6 days eat matso. The 7th is a holy convocation with no work.
- Joshua 5:2-12 – First Passover in the Land
- V2-9 – Circumcised all those born in the wilderness
- V10 – Kept Passover on the 14th of Aviv
- V11 – The day after Passover they ate the stored grain of the Canaanites. Unleavened bread and parched grain.
- V12 – Manna ceased the next day, but they ate the harvest of the Canaanites that year.
- Judges 6:11-26 – Gideon offers a goat and matso to an angel
- Not Passover because Gideon was threshing wheat which would not be ripe for another two months.
- 2 Samuel 12:1-15 – Who stole the Lamb from those to whom He belongs?
- 2 Kings 23 – Josiah’s revival
- Preceded by destruction of pagan altars.
- Keep Passover as it is written in the Book of the Covenant
- No Passover like this had been kept since before King Saul
- Passover kept to YHWH in Jerusalem in Josiah’s 18th year.
- It was kept, but not universally and not according to God’s commands.
- 2 Chronicles 8 – Passover of Solomon
- Daily burnt offerings during Unleavened Bread
- He seemed to perform the bare minimum, where Josiah made a true celebration
- 2Chr 30-31 – Hezekiah’s Passover
- Invited all the tribes to keep Passover in the 2nd month.
- Insufficient priests were consecrated for the 1st month.
- Had not been keeping Passover regularly.
- Mocked by most in Ephraim and Menasseh.
- A few in Asher, Manasseh, and Zebulun humbled themselves and came to Jerusalem.
- Most of Judah obeyed.
- Many people still were not clean, but the Levites sacrificed their lambs anyway and Hezekiah prayed that God would forgive them because their sin wasn’t deliberate.
- God recognized it and honored his prayer: inward circumcision.
- Kept the feast for an extra 7 days.
- 1000 bulls, 7000 sheep from King Hezekiah and 1000 bulls, 10000 sheep from the princes given to the people as peace offerings.
- Nothing like it in Jerusalem since King David’s time.
- Followed by destruction of pagan altars.
- Restoration of divisions of priests and levites and service of the Temple.
- General revival
- 2Chr 35 – Josiah’s Passover
- Passover in Jerusalem.
- Passover killed on Aviv 14.
- Appointed and encouraged priests at the Temple.
- Restore the Ark to the Temple.
- Kill the Passover first, then prepare to kill the Passovers for all the people
- King gave the people 30k lambs and goats plus 3k bulls.
- King’s officials gave additional 2.6k lambs plus 300 bulls.
- Princes gave another 5k lambs plus 500 bulls.
- Distributed animals to clan groups.
- Roasted Passover lambs and boiled the other offerings.
- Singing by Sons of Asaph
- No Passover like it since Samuel.
- Psalm 34 – Oblique references to Passover
- V4 – YHWH delivered me from all my fears.
- V8 – Taste and see that YHWH is good!
- V14 – Repent from evil.
- V19 – YHWH delivers the righteous from his afflictions.
- V20 – None of his bones are broken.
- V21 – Affliction slays the wicked.
- V22 – YHWH redeems His servants.
- Ezra 6 – First Passover after returning from exile
- V16-17 – Dedication & cleansing
- V18 – Priests arranged in divisions according to Book of Moses.
- V19 – Passover kept on 14 Aviv.
- V21 – Exiled Israelites kept Passover along with any locals who repented from idolatry and worshipped YHWH.
- V22 – Kept Unleavened Bread for 7 days.
- Ezekiel 45 – Passover in the Millenium
- V18-19 – Purify the sanctuary on Aviv 1
- Put some of the blood on the doorposts of the Temple, four corners of the altar, posts of the inner gate.
- V20 – Repeat this on the 7th day of the month to atone for anyone who has sinned through error or ignorance.
- V21-22 – Passover
- 14 Aviv
- Feast of Passover
- 7 days of unleavened bread
- Prince provide for himself & the people a young bull for a sin offering
- V23-24 – Unleavened bread
- Prince will provide 7 young bulls and 7 rams on each of the 7 days for a burnt offering. 1 goat daily for a sin offering.
- Grain and oil with each bull and ram.
- Isaiah 16:1-5 – A reference to the Messiah as a lamb?
- Isaiah 53 – The suffering Messiah
- V4 – Afflicted by God, like the wicked. Yet, not wicked, for he was afflicted for our transgressions and not his own.
- V5 – By his stripes we are healed
- V6 – We are the guilty sheep, but God placed our sins on him.
- V7 – A lamb led to the slaughter.
- Zechariah 9:9-12
- V9 – The king riding on a donkey colt.
- V10 – Ephraim & Jerusalem rescued from the chariots and horses of their enemies.
- V11-12 – Prisoners redeemed by covenant blood.
- Matthew 16:5-12 – The leaven of the Pharisees.
- Matthew 20-28 – Yeshua's Last Passover
- Aviv 10
- 20:17-28 – Prophesies that he must be brought low in order to be lifted up.
- 21:1-11 – Triumphal entry
- 21:12-13 – Cleansed the Temple (Aviv 11 in Mark 11)
- 21:14-16 – Healed the sick and confronted by the priests.
- 21:18-19 – Withered the fig tree. It was out of season.
- Aviv 11
- 21:20-25:46 – Examined at the Temple by priests, Pharisees, people, and disciples.
- Aviv 12?
- 26:2 – After two days the Passover is coming.
- Aviv 13
- 26:17 – “first day of matzah” but it wasn’t.
- Go prepare the Passover
- Aviv 14
- Yeshua reclined with the disciples
- 26:23 – The one who dips his bread in the dish with me will betray me.
- 26:26 – Matzah: this is my body. “As they were eating.” Probably not at the end of the seder as today, but the middle piece regardless.
- Christians added the Afikomen as a sign of the second coming.
- 26:27-29 – This is my blood of the covenant for forgiveness of sins.
- I won’t drink again of this fruit of the vine until in my Father’s kingdom.
- Key on “this”. Either he meant all wine or he meant this particular cup.
- 26:47… Betrayed by Judas
- 27:46 – 9th hour, he died.
- 27:57 – Joseph buried the body
- Aviv 15
- 27:62 – Priests requested a guard on the tomb.
- Aviv 16 or 17
- At sunrise on the first day of the week, the women went to the tomb and found Yeshua already risen.
- Mark 8:14-21 – The leaven of the Pharisees.
- Mark 11:1-16:19 – The Feast of Unleavened Bread and Yeshua's Last Passover
- Luke 2:41 – Joseph & Mary went to Jerusalem for Passover every year.
- Luke 12:1-3 – The leaven of the Pharisees.
- Luke 22 – The Feast of Unleavened Bread.
- Luke 24:27
- John 1:29, 36 – John calls Yeshua “The Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world”.
- The people are frequently referred to as sheep, but only Yeshua is referred to as a lamb, and only in the context of Passover.
- John 2:13-3:21 – Yeshua at Passover
- V13 – Yeshua went to Jerusalem for Passover
- V14-17 – Drove the money-changers out.
- V18-22 – Parable of the Temple rebuilt in 3 days.
- V23-25 – Performed miracles
- 3:1-21 - Nicodemus
- John 5 – Yeshua at Passover?
- V1 – A feast of the Jews at which Yeshua went to Jerusalem. Doesn’t specify Passover, but most commentators say it was.
- V2-16 – Healing at the pool of Bethesda on Shabbat.
- V17-47 – Confrontation with Pharisees re healing on Shabbat.
- John 6:1-71 – Yeshua in Galilee before Passover
- V9 – Barley loaves
- V26-69 – Yeshua as the bread of life, manna sent from heaven to give life eternal.
- John 11:55-21:25
- 11:55 – Jews traveled to Jerusalem
- 12:1 – Six days before Passover
- 18 – Jesus' trial and non-Torah customs of Passover.
- 19:4 – The day of Preparation of the Passover.
- Acts 12:1-23 – Peter arrested during Unleavened Bread. Easy for him to do since Peter would have been in Jerusalem.
- In prison
- Rescued by an angel
- “Get up quickly”
- Chains fell of his hands
- “Dress and put on your sandals”
- Follows the angel
- Iron city gate opens on its own
- Angel leaves him when he’s free
- “Lord has sent his angel and rescued me from the hand of Herod and from all that the Jewish people were expecting.”
- Herod ordered the sentries killed
- People praised Herod as a god.
- Immediately, an angel killed him.
- Acts 20:6-16 – Paul was in Greece during Unleavened Bread, but wanted to get back to Jerusalem for Shavuot.
- 1 Corinthians 5:6-13 – Leaven compared to sin
- A little leaven leavens the whole lump
- Cleanse out the old leaven and be a new, unleavened lump
- Christ, the Passover has been sacrificed
- Celebrate the feast with unleavened bread of sincerity and truth
- Evil people are like a leavened lump mixed into the unleavened.
- Galatians 5:2-12 – The leaven of the Pharisees.
- Hebrews 11:24-29 – The first Passover.
- 1 Peter 1:18-19
- Redeemed with blood.
- An unblemished and spotless lamb.
- Revelation – The Lamb in Heaven, a blending of imagery from all of the Feasts.
- 5:6 – Between the throne and the four angels.
- Appearing to have been slain
- 7 horns, 7 eyes, which are the 7 spirits of God
- 5:8 – Opens the scroll
- 5:12-13 – Lamb who was slain to receive power, wealth, wisdom, might, honor, glory, & blessing
- 7 spirits of God?
- 6:1 – Opens the 1st seal
- 6:16 – Wrath of the Lamb
- 7:9-10 – Lamb enthroned and adored
- 7:14-17 – Lamb as savior
- Saints washed their robes in the blood of the Lamb
- Shepherd
- 8:1 – Lamb opens 7th seal
- 12:11 – Satan defeated by the blood of the Lamb and the testimony of the saints.
- 13:8 – Lamb has a book of life listing his people
- 13:11 – An imitation of the Lamb, an antichrist with two horns who speaks like a dragon.
- 14:4 – 144k follow the Lamb, redeemed from mankind as firstfruits for God and the Lamb
- 14:10 – Followers of the beast are tormented before the Lamb
- 15:3 – Saints sing the song of Moses and the song of the Lamb.
- 17:14 – 10 kings make war on the Lamb and are defeated.
- 19:7-9 – Marriage of the Lamb has come.
- 21:22-23 – City of the Lamb
- 21:27 – Lamb’s book of life
- 22:1-3 – Throne of God and of the Lamb in the city.
- V2 – Tree of life in its midst with 12 kinds of fruit.
