Highest Mileage SUVs

It's difficult getting real reliability ratings for vehicles. The professional review sites rarely rate anything more than a few years old, but I really want to know which vehicles are more likely to last 200k miles, not just 30k.

So I went to cars.com, searched for SUVs within 250 miles of my location and then sorted them so that the highest mileage vehicles were listed first, then I counted how many of each make were in the top 40. Of the 40 SUVs listed with highest mileage (all of them over 198k), there were more Toyotas and Hondas than anything else. The only thing that really surprised me is that Jeeps weren't at the bottom of the list.

  • Toyota 11
  • Honda 7
  • Chevy 4
  • Jeep 3
  • Cadillac 3
  • GMC 2
  • Infinity 2
  • Nissan 2
  • Mazda 1
  • Lincoln 2
  • Hummer 1
  • Volvo 1
  • Mitsubishi 1
Draw your own conclusions from this unscientific survey of a limited data set.

A Few Thoughts on Paul's Epistle to the Romans



These are my ongoing study notes on the book of Romans. I might change my mind about some things and will likely edit these notes extensively through the course of this study.

The Common Sense Bible Study online community is going through the book of Romans on Thursday nights. Join the conversation here.

Initial Thoughts

  • Paul was a Jewish lawyer (rabbi is a later term created in Babylon) and a Pharisee all his life. A student of Gamaliel. 
  • Paul can't create new laws. He cannot speak contrary to Yeshua or Moses.
  • Written before he went to Rome. The congregation there was established by someone else. 55-56 AD?
  • What is Systematic Theology? Not Romans!
  • Writing to explain the theology of adoption into Israel.
  • Paul as the thirteenth Apostle fits the pattern of Israel as 11, 12, and 13 tribes.

Romans 1

V1 - "Doulos" literally means "slave". Greeks would have differentiated between a slave and a bondservant, but--except in the case of the servant and the doorpost--a Hebrew wouldn't see a difference in the context of a Hebrew enslaved to another Hebrew.

  • Paul was saying that he was a personal possession and emissary of Yeshua due to one of three reasons: 1) He was in debt to Yeshua beyond hope of paying it back, 2) He sold himself to Yeshua to pay a debt to someone else, or 3) He was a slave for one of the two prior reasons, but voluntarily submitted to his master for life out of love.
  • Apostolos refers to an agent.
  • Paul never calls himself Saul in his letters.
  • "Set apart" could be a double-reference to being a Pharisee (separated; aphorizo, similar to perushim) and being separated out from other people for the purpose of preaching the Gospel. See Deuteronomy 10:8.
  • All of God's people are meant to be set apart to the Gospel. See Psalm 4 and Isaiah 40:9-11.
  • "Called an apostle" - Paul didn't call himself an apostle, but was called by the one who sent him.

V2 - What is the Gospel that was promised and where?

  • Isaiah 40:9-11
  • Isaiah 52:7-10
  • Isaiah 61:1-3
  • Nahum 1:15

V3 - Paul was specifically commissioned to announce the reestablishment of the throne of David in the person of Yeshua.

V4 - Paul's authority wasn't just given by a foreign king, but by God himself. "Declared to be the Son of God" is an explicit statement of Yeshua's authority even over Caesar. Especially on point for a Roman in Rome.

  • Yeshua's claim to the throne was backed by his pedigree in the house of David.
  • Yeshua's claim to divinity was backed by displays of power in a spirit of holiness, not violence or showmanship, and by his resurrection from the dead. These things didn't make him the Son of God, but declared him so. Paul was called from one thing to another (v1), while Yeshua was revealed.

V5 - "For the sake of his name" because the inclusion of the nations in the New Covenant was promised to Abraham and through the Prophets, so God sent Paul in order to fulfill that promise. See Zechariah 8:23.

  • "We have received grace and apostleship" - including the recipients of this letter. All who are called to be his (v6) are also called to be his apostles, even if they are not especially separated out for a grand purpose.
  • "Obedience of faith" (not "obedience to the faith") is obedience brought about by faith. See the same phrase in 16:26, where the obedience is "of faith", but to God.

V6 - We are all called to belong to Yeshua.

V7 - The letter wasn't written to just one group of believers, but all those in Rome who might come to faith.

  • Because God loves you, you are called to be set apart, which never refers to an inward state that has no outward effect. Holiness is an inward state that has profound effect on your speech, behavior, and viewpoint. We are called to be holy in every respect.
  • Paul refers to "God our Father" to emphasize that God is the father of all people, especially those who believe in Yeshua.

V8 - "Through Jesus Christ" - Yeshua is the mediator of the New Covenant and the only way to the Father. Our prayers are directed to the Father, but through the mediation, righteousness, and authority of Yeshua.

  • Paul thanks God because ultimately our faith grows through the power and influence of God, not merely through our own effort.
  • He does not thank the Son, but God through the Son. That doesn't mean that the Son isn't God, but that he is the conduit through which we connect to the Father.
  • "All the world" is hyperbole. Paul didn't mean for anyone to understand it literally.
  • "First" = before I say anything else. Reassuring them that they are important and recognized, that his sole purpose in writing isn't to rebuke them. Like Christ, he corrects because he loves.

V9 - Only God knows what Paul prayed in private, so who else could bear witness to it? Paul frequently appeals to the witness of God to confirm a statement. In Romans 8:16, 2 Corinthians 1:23, Philippians 1:8, 1 Thessalonians 2:5, Hebrews 10:15.

  • "I serve with my spirit" means to serve with his deepest being, as in "worship in spirit and truth".
  • Paul is making an oath. This doesn't violate what Yeshua said. Yeshua, like the previous son of David, was teaching principles. Don't complicate things. Don't look for loopholes. If you say something is true, be sure that it's true.

V10 - Why did Paul pray so much for the Roman believers? Probably because he knew they had been leaderless for years, especially since Aquila and Priscilla had left. He prayed specifically that he would be able to visit them.

V11 - Although he says that his reason for wanting to visit is to impart some spiritual gift to strengthen/confirm/establish them. This probably doesn't refer to an ability to work miracles, prophesy, etc., but a gift of instruction that will correct their path, bring unity to their congregation, and cohesiveness to their doctrine. In other places, Paul speaks of character traits and skills, as well as the miraculous. He also says that each person has different gifts and "gift" here is singular, so whatever gift he wants to give to a whole congregation is probably not like that, although it could be.

V12 - Paul is being somewhat modest and understated. He isn't just intending to bring them "some spiritual gift" (v11), but to correct their quickly drifting doctrine and widening divisions. He does believe they will strengthen his faith as well, but not in the same way, more by the example and spirit of their faithfulness.

V13 - The Roman believers probably felt somewhat abandoned when most or all of their leaders had to leave Rome and many of them never returned. Paul was reassuring them that they were not forgotten, that he was doing all he could to visit them personally.

  • Travel in the ancient world was long and hazardous. A journey across the Mediterranean would be planned years in advance for most people.

V14 - Paul has authority over the Greeks and Barbarians, but that same commission also gives him an obligation to those people. His obligation is to Yeshua who commissioned him.

V15 - The Romans are a third category. The Jews divided everyone into Jew and Gentile, mostly with clear delineation between them. The Greeks divided everyone into three fuzzy categories (Greek, Barbarian, and Roman) within a spectrum of civilization.

  • To the Greeks, the Jews would have been scattered across the spectrum, depending on how Jewish they were. The most Helenized Jews would have been essentially Greeks, while the Essenes would probably have been considered Barbarians.

V16 - "I am not ashamed" is probably a deliberate understatement intended to mean "I am greatly honored".

  • The gospel is the power of God to save all who believe, and not just the Jews to whom the promise of the gospel was first given. It is his power because there is power in his word. If he says something is true, then it is true. If he says that you will be saved, then you will be.
  • "Everyone who believes" means that you must believe that God has come to set up his Kingdom and wants you to be restored to relationship with him in that Kingdom.
  • "The Greek" is a synecdoche for Greeks, Romans, and Barbarians.

V17 - "The righteousness of God" should probably be "the justice of God". God's justice is different than man's and relies primarily upon our faith in him. If you trust God, he counts you as one of his and will save you. This is the righteousness of God.

  • "The righteous shall live by faith" is a quote from Habakkuk 2:4 in which "righteous" is more literally translated as "just" and could be thought of as "justified". Belief in the promises of God brings life and we walk out that belief by living according to his commandments.
  • Even if we don't understand how God's laws or actions are righteous, our faith requires that we accept that it is.
  • Righteousness of God - The parallel with v18 shows that this is the righteousness that God possesses as an attribute of his character, not a righteousness that comes from God.
  • "From faith for faith" - Trust today leads to trust greater trust tomorrow.

V18 - God is both love and wrath. God loved the world while we were still sinners, but in his love, his wrath is revealed against our sin.

  • Rom 4:15 says the Law brings wrath. The written Law is the primary means by which the wrath of God is revealed in the world, and this requires that the Law be addressed to the whole world and not just Israel.
  • Usually the wrath of God refers to judgment, but Rom 2:5 speaks of a day when God's righteous judgment will be revealed, which means his judgment is not the wrath being spoken of here.
  • The key is actually in the prior verses. The Gospel reveals the power of God to save, his righteousness in the granting of life to the faithful, and his wrath against sin as described in the Law.
  • Unrighteousness suppresses the truth, both externally and internally, consciously and subconsciously.

V19-20 - God's existence and nature are revealed through his Creation and can only be denied through deliberate rejection and indoctrination.

  • One implication is that a person can know God without ever hearing the words YHWH, Jesus, Yeshua, Gospel, etc. All of those things are knowable, at least in conception, through the honest observation of Creation. Acceptance of the concept of God is more important than an academic knowledge about God.

V21 - Everyone, at some point, has a true epiphany of God. Everyone is presented with a window to the divine, but most people choose to turn away and suppress the truth in favor of a familiar, self-soothing lie.

  • "Invisible" (aoratos) is only used in Paul's letters and in Hebrews and always in reference to God. Although God cannot be seen, his attributes can be perceived by what he has done and continues to do.

V22 - The philosophers and wise men of the ancient civilizations poured their energy into learning about God and then explaining away what they learned by attributing it to something else. They had wisdom in the grasp and threw it away like rebellious children.

V23 - Like evolutionists, the ancients became so enamored by God's creation that they began to worship the creation itself, even attributing to it, it's own creation.

V24-25 - If you reject that which every child can discern, why should God invite you into deeper truths? Some people are determined to believe a lie, and God allows them to be who they want to be.

  • See Isaiah 50:20-23.
  • "Exchanged" means they had it in their hands and gave it away.

V26 - Marriage is a natural inclination for all people and homosexuality is universally considered deviant behavior, even in those societies in which it is accepted.

  • There is no specific commandment against female-female intimacy, but there is a command and an established norm that women should marry and have children. Lesbianism rejects God's design in favor of their own.
  • Dishonorable passions - pathe atimios - Shameful afflictions of the mind. Pathos refers to a disease, not a desire. This isn't talking about STDs, but a spiritual, mental, and physical addiction brought on by engaging in activities that are bad for you. Like diabetes and other lifestyle-connected illnesses, it gets worse the more you engage in the behavior.
  • What we think of as passion would be orexis (lust) and not pathos.
  • Natural = phusikos, that which is inborn. This is why it is so important to immoral people to attribute their immorality to nature.
  • We can't appeal to animals because we aren't animals.

V27 - "Passion for one another" is orexis, not pathos. This is more about intense desire, than sickness, but giving into the desire produces the sickness.

  • The "due penalty" is physical illness as well as the pathe atimios of the previous verse, an increasing propensity for wickedness. One perversity creates another, like leaven. This is why the worst male pedophiles prefer male victims.

V28-31 - Rejecting God and embracing immorality destroys the mind's ability to think rationally.

  • Keep your distance from people who embrace anti-Biblical morality or they will gradually corrupt your mind too. They can never be your friends.
  • Hatred for God drives people to twist everything good into evil, even when it destroys themselves, because doing so allows them to show their spite for God.
  • Follows the same pattern as Paul's other statements concerning categories of people. Not all of these things are explicitly sinful, but if these things become your identity, then you are surely engaging in all kinds of God-hating sin.

V32 - Everyone instinctively knows that heterosexuality and marriage are natural. They have to convince themselves otherwise through choice and practice, or else by pain and brainwashing inflicted on them.

  • Since we were created by God for God's purposes, those who reject what they know to be true and reject God's plan for them have no reason to complain about their condemnation. They are useless tools, so why should the toolmaker allow them to take up space in his workshop?

Camping Tools: sleeping pad and hand saw


This is a little outside of my usual topics, but that's why it's here at Soil from Stone instead of at American Torah. The sub-header isn't "Bible study, politics, science fiction and fantasy, whatever else I feel like talking about" for nothing. 🤣

I garden, and I fish every couple of years, but I'm not an outdoorsman. However, three factors have peaked my interest in camping and hiking lately. First, our local fellowship has been holding an annual Sukkot (Feast of Tabernacles) event. God created Sukkot as a rehearsal of the 40 years that the Hebrews spent in the wilderness, and also to prepare us for what will come in the future, part of which might conceivably involve some actual time in the wilderness. Second, camping is a great way to build relationships with friends and family. Shared experiences are the primary catalyst for lifelong friendships and respect. Third, I think it's important to be prepared for disasters. You never know when a wildfire, hurricane, or war could severely disrupt your life. It's better to build the necessary skills and character before you need it.

As a result, I've been researching and shopping for some better camping gear, especially tools that are compact and lightweight enough to be suitable for an emergency pack, preferably even tools that might serve multiple purposes. I'm going to share some of my recent discoveries that I think you might find useful. Please note that the links below are Amazon affiliate links, so I get a very small commission for any purchases you make after clicking on them.

Klymit 2 Static V2 Sleeping Mat 

I go camping at least once a year, but I can't sleep on the ground. It's cold in the winter, and my joints hurt no matter what time of year it is. So, I don't sleep well without some padding. I've tried roll-up foam pads, air mattresses, and even a down-filled mattress topper, which--as I'm sure you can imagine--was pretty darned comfortable, but not very practical for emergencies. It barely fit into a large contractor garbage bag and took up a lot of space in my trunk. Can you imagine dragging something like that to a remote camp site? Even the most popular inflatable sleeping mats are much too bulky and heavy for any serious hiking.

The Klymit 2 Static V2 sleeping mat isn't absolutely top of the line--I don't have that kind of money--but it is pretty nice. Considering the 2.5 inch thickness, I was surprised that it did any good at all. The professional reviews were great, though, so I ordered one. I was honestly amazed at how comfortable it is. It blows up with 10-15 deep breaths (you can buy a compatible hand pump if you want), maintains pressure for at least 2 days (the longest I've used it so far), and rolls up into a 1 lb, 3" x 8" tube.

The Static V2 comes with 2 styles of air valve. I think the screw-type is older and has been replaced by the flip-type, which has much better air flow for inflation and deflation. I'm not sure you'll be able to specify which valve you want when you purchase, no matter where you purchase from. I bought two from Amazon. One had the old valve and one the new.

It also comes with multiple options. For an extra $30, you can get a model with better insulation. Klymit also sells a matching sheet, in case you're going to lay directly on the mat without a sleeping bag, and an inflatable pillow

There are a few minor drawbacks.

The Static V2 is made of very thin material in order to make it lightweight and compactable. It seems durable enough though, as long as you follow the directions and aren't abusive. The dimensions are also minimal at 72" long and 23" wide. If you move around a lot in your sleep, you might need to put your pack next to the mat to keep from rolling off. That's really not much different than the standard single sleeping mats, though.

Finally, although inflation is a breeze, deflation is a little bit more work. Once you open the valve, it will mostly deflate on its own if you leave it be, but that's not always an option. The chambered construction means you can't just sit on it to squeeze the air out. I had to fold it in half lengthwise and slowly push the air up from the bottom with my forearm, then continually push the air up again as I rolled it up to the top.

Overall, I give the Static V2 4.5 stars. It's a vast improvement over cheaper air mattresses.

CAMPNDOOR Pocket Chainsaw

I have a hatchet, a pocket knife, and a very big knife--I might talk about all of those in another article--but none of these are suitable for cutting fallen trees into firewood without a LOT of work. So, I looked for a saw that would easily fit into my pack. You can get folding limb saws, but since I already had a hatchet and gladius-sized knife, I wanted something lighter and smaller. 

There are uncountable wire saws out there, and if you don't mind cheap and disposable, you can probably pack a couple dozen without adding much weight. That's not really what I wanted though, so I kept looking and eventually found the CAMPNDOOR Pocket Chainsaw

It's essentially a chainsaw chain with two handle straps. You wrap it around the log you want to cut and pull it back and forth until you have two logs instead of one. It's 36" of heavy duty steel with 48 teeth, and it cut through a log in much less time than it would have taken with my hatchet. A gas-powered chainsaw would have been faster, but also not practical for hiking and emergencies. This pocket chainsaw weighs .5 lb and rolls up into a 4" x 4" x 1" leather pouch. 

This is another one I was skeptical about, but it performed flawlessly. Admittedly, I only cut one 7" log and one 3" log, but it seems pretty sturdy. The Amazon description says "4000N testing on this 65Mn manual chainsaw means only a 988+ LB Man could break it from misuse". That's probably an exaggeration--anyone can break a tool with enough misuse--byt I'm confident that this is a good quality tool that I expect to get a lot of use out of.

I'm giving this saw a tentative 5 stars. Tentative only because I don't yet know how long it will stay sharp nor how much continuous use it can take before overheating and breaking. The description says you can sharpen it with a standard file, but I'd rather not have to do that in the middle of a camping trip.

If you're willing to spend a little more and have the room for it, you can also get a 53" saw that comes with gloves, two 25' ropes, and sandbags so you can use it to cut down limbs that would otherwise be too high to reach. I'm not sure that adds much value for the camper, though.

The Godly Man

 I asked Chat GPT to write a poem about the qualities of a man according to Paul's recommendations in 1 Timothy and in the style of Robert Frost. This is actually pretty good.

The Godly Man
by Chat GPT, Robert Frost, and the Paul formerly known as Saul

In quietude, where shadows softly fall,
A godly man stands tall, serene and strong,
His virtues woven in the fabric, throng,
Resplendent in the grace that does enthrall.

Like woods in winter, deep his heart's expanse,
Yet warm as hearth, where kindness softly glows,
His spirit, steadfast as the river flows,
Guides others with a gentle, sure advance.

In speech, his words, like gentle snowflakes, fall,
Each one imbued with wisdom's tender touch,
Forbearance, like the sturdy oak, as such,
Endures, though tempests rise and fierce winds call.

He bears the yoke with meekness, not with pride,
His faith, a beacon in the darkest night,
With steadfast gaze upon the higher light,
He walks the path where love and truth abide.

In service, he extends a willing hand,
To lift the fallen, heal the broken soul,
In him, the sacred Scriptures find their goal,
A living testament to love's command.

So let us strive, like him, to live and be,
A testament to all that's good and true,
In every deed, our faithfulness to view,
As godly men, in spirit, strong and free.


The Godly Elder, generated by IMG2GO

AI is just a tool, and like all other tools, it can be used wisely or terribly abused. It's not demons. It's just software, programmed and manipulated by flawed people. 

Parallels Between Moses and Yeshua

YHWH your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among you, from your brothers—it is to him you shall listen...
Deuteronomy 18:15

Who is the prophet like Moses? Yeshua. Like Moses and greater.

Consider these elements from Moses' life and how they are mirrored in Yeshua's:

Moses

Yeshua

Hebrews oppressed by foreign power

Hebrews oppressed by foreign power

Conceived miraculously

Conceived miraculously

Born to deliver his people

Born to deliver his people

Babies killed by jealous king

Babies killed by jealous king

Mother knew he was special

Mother told he was special

Prepared for clay-lined basket by a woman

Prepared for burial by women

Drawn out of the water (symbolizes Spirit)

Conceived by the Holy Spirit

Basket watched by a girl named Miriam

Tomb watched by a woman named Miriam

Rescued by Egypt

Rescued by Egypt

Raised by Hebrew parents in Egypt

Raised by Hebrew parents in Egypt

Visited & gifted by kings

Visited & gifted by kings

Lived with adopted father

Lived with adopted father

Said to have grown up in two ways

Said to have grown up in two ways

Killed an oppressor of Israel

Killed the character of oppressors of Israel

Rejected by Israel

Rejected by Israel

Hidden in the wilderness for 40 years

Hidden in the wilderness for 40 days/many centuries

Rescued Yitro’s daughters from bad shepherds.

Rescued Judah and pagans from bad shepherds.

Looked like an Egyptian to his Midianite cousins.

Looks like a gentile to his Jewish brothers.

Turned water into blood

Turned water into wine

Three days to the Red Sea

Three days in the grave

People threatened to stone him

People threatened to stone him

Betrayed by Korah

Betrayed by a close associate

Denied by Miriam and Aaron

Denied by Peter

Returned to Egypt after a long absence.

Will return to earth after a long absence

Forty days on the mountain and people thought he wasn’t coming back.

Extended period in Heaven and people thought he wasn’t coming back.

Confronted Pharaoh and brought plagues at second coming.

Will confront powers of evil and bring plagues at second coming.

Moses, the voice of God, and the glory on the mountain. Face glorified.

Yeshua, Moses, and Elijah on the mountain with glory. Figure glorified.

Moses intercedes with God for the people

Yeshua intercedes with God for the people

Song of Moses sung to celebrate deliverance

Song of Moses sung to celebrate deliverance


Triple Parallelism in a Chiasm in Genesis 9:12-17

 


·         V12 - This is the sign of the covenant between me and you and all living creatures with you

o   V13 - Set bow in the cloud

§  Sign of the covenant between me and the earth

o   V14 - When I bring clouds and bow is seen

§  V15 - I will remember my covenant between me, you, and all kinds of living flesh

o   V16 - When the bow is in the clouds and seen

§  I will remember the covenant between God and all kinds of living flesh on the earth

·         V17 - This is the sign of the covenant between me and all flesh on the earth


Short Video Lessons from the Epistle to the Romans



Some teachers have called Paul's letter to the Romans the most important theological work ever written. Although I'm not sure I'd go that far, it is definitely a theological gold mine! Every phrase is packed with meaning and there probably isn't a single important idea in the Bible that isn't at least mentioned in this one book.

Beginning in the summer of 2023, I started leading a study of Romans with the Common Sense Bible Study community. As I did with Proverbs before, I'll edit out segments of those longer studies, make them public at Rumble and Youtube, and post links below. I will also add videos that I make outside of CSBS as I make them.

I am posting my ongoing notes on Romans here.