Rosh Hashanah Miscellania

There are five common names for Rosh Hashanah:

• Yom ha-Zichron (Day of Remembrance)
• Yom Teruah (Day of Shouting/Blowing Trumpets)
• Yom ha-Din (Day of Judgment)
• Rosh ha-Shana (Head of the Year)
• Feast of Trumpets

Teruah means shouting, noise-making, or trumpet blowing.

This is a partial (I'm sure) list of scriptures related to Rosh Hashana:

• Genesis 1:1-5
• Genesis 22:1-18
• Leviticus 23:23-25
• A day of solemn rest
• A memorial of trumpets/shouting
• A holy convocation
• No ordinary work
• Present a burnt offering to YHVH
• Leviticus 25
• Year of Jubilee begins in the 7th month on Yom Kippur
• Yom Teruah is preparation for the beginning of the Jubilee
• Numbers 10:5
• Teruah used for the sound of trumpets as a signal to break camp and move out. “Noise of Teruah”
• Numbers 23:21
• Balaam: “YHVH is with Israel & the shout/trumpet of a king is among them.
• Numbers 29:1-6
• 1st day of the 7th month
• A holy convocation
• No ordinary work
• A day of trumpets/shouting
• A burnt offering
• 1 bull
• 1 ram
• 7 male yearling lambs
• Grain offering with oil
• 3/10 ephah for the bull
• 2/10 ephah for the ram
• 1/10 ephah for each of the 7 lambs
• 1 male goat for a sin offering/atonement
• New moon offering with grain
• Regular (daily?) burnt offering with grain and drink offering
• Numbers 31:6
• Teruah as the sound of the silver trumpets when going into war
• Joshua 6
• 1 Samuel 4:5-6
• 2 Samuel 6:15
• 1 Chronicles 15:28 
• 2 Chronicles 15:14
• Ezra 3:11-13
• Psalm 47:5
• Psalm 89:15
• Job 8:21
• Job 33:26
• Job 39:25
• Jeremiah 20:16
• Ezekiel 21:22
• Ezekiel 40:1
• Amos 1:14
• Malachi 3:16-18
• Matthew 24:29-51
• 1 Corinthians 15:51-57
• 1 Thessalonians 4:13-17
• Revelation 10:5-7
• Revelation 11:14-18
• Revelation 20:12-15

Teruah (or Trumpets in the NT) in Scripture

Some of these are based on my assumptions and could be incorrect. Some are certainly missing some instances.

• Assembly
• Numbers 10:2-4
• Joel 2:15
• Matthew 24:31
• Victory cry
• Jeremiah 20:16
• Ezekiel 21:22
• 1 Corinthians 15:51-57
• 1 Thessalonians 4:13-17
• Revelation 11:15-17
• Arrival of a king
• Numbers 23:21
• 2 Samuel 15:10
• 1 Kings 1:33-40
• Psalm 47:5
• Joel 2:1
• Matthew 24:29-51
• 1 Corinthians 15:51-57
• 1 Thessalonians 4:13-17
• Revelation 10:7
• Revelation 11:15-17
• Arrival of the Ark of the Covenant
• 1 Samuel 4:5-6
• 1 Chronicles 15:28
• Battle signals
• Numbers 10:9
• Numbers 31:6
• Joshua 6
• 2 Samuel 2:28
• 2 Samuel 18:16
• Job 39:25
• Jeremiah 4:21
• Jeremiah 20:16
• Ezekiel 21:22
• Amos 1:14
• Amos 2:2
• Zephaniah 1:14-16
• Zechariah 9:14
• 1 Thessalonians 4:13-17
• Revelation 11:15-17
• Yom Teruah
• Leviticus 23:23-25
• Numbers 29:1-6
• Jubilee (50th Yom Kippur)
• Leviticus 25:8-22
• Joel 2:15
• Repentance
• 2 Chronicles 15:14
• Joel 2:12-17
• Call to move
• Numbers 10:5
• Resurrection
• 1 Corinthians 15:51-57
• 1 Thessalonians 4:13-17
• Shouts of Joy
• Leviticus 23:23-25
• Leviticus 25
• Numbers 23:21
• Numbers 29:1-6
• Ezra 3:11-13
• Job 8:21
• Job 33:26
• Voice of God
• Exodus 19:16-19
• Exodus 20:18-19
• Numbers 23:21
• Psalm 47:5
• Psalm 89:15
• Warning of danger
• Jeremiah 6:1
• Ezekiel 33:1-9
• Joel 2:1
• Amos 3:6
• Worship
• Leviticus 23:23-25
• Numbers 10:10
• Numbers 29:1-6
• Joshua 6
• 2 Samuel 6:15
• 1 Chronicles 16:42
• Ezra 3:11-13
• Job 8:21
• Job 33:26
• Psalm 98:4-6

The term "Rosh Hashanah" is not used in Scripture, but that doesn't make it wrong. "September 19" isn't in Scripture anywhere either, but there's nothing wrong with calling the 19th day of the month of September "September 19".

Rosh Hashanah is called a New Year's Day. Although God said that the month of Passover is to be the "first of months", there is no command in Torah to call any day "New Years" nor is there any command not to call any day "New Years".

A "year" is one orbit of the earth around the sun. It's roughly a circle and circles don't have beginnings or ends. There is no "first day" in the earth's orbit. In a sense, every single day is the start of another orbit. Every anniversary, every feast day is the start of a new year in the sense that we begin counting the days until this same event comes around again next year.

Every calendar in every culture has multiple calendar years and "New Year's Days". We have tax years, fiscal years, school years, agricultural cycles, etc. The Biblical calendar is no different. There is a year for trees and a year for planting barley and a year for setting slaves free and returning to ancestral inheritances.

Yom Teruah/Rosh Hashanah is the first day of the Fall Feasts. It is the traditional date of the creation of Adam and of the Day of Judgment. It is the beginning of a period of repentance and reflection leading up to the Day of Atonement, known in Hebrew as Yom Kippur. On Yom Teruah our sins are judged and we are warned by the voice of the shofarim to repent and appeal to God's mercy. On Yom Kippur, depending on our faith and state of penitence, our sins are atoned and we are set free or else we are condemned. 

Like it or not, there is an annual cycle in Scripture that begins and ends at Yom Teruah. I don't particularly care what the ancient Babylonians did or didn't do. 

If that's not enough for you, I hope you can still see that "Rosh Hashanah" is just a label for a day, not the day itself. The term "Day of Trumpets" isn't in Torah because Torah was written in Hebrew, not English. If you reject the term "Rosh Hashanah" because it's not found in God's original instructions, you must also reject "Feast of Trumpets", "September 19", and all other English labels, because they aren't there either. Call it "Apples and Honey" day or "First of Seventh" (1st day of the 7th Hebrew month) if you want. Changing the label for the day doesn't change the day.

Don't get bent out of shape over mere words. Focus on the substance, not semantics.